Given that many tumour-associated antigens are also expressed on healthy tissues, on-target/off-tissue toxicity remains a significant challenge for TCE therapies. This workshop will explore next-generation engineering strategies that are reshaping TCE design to enhance selectivity and enable safer targeting of difficult antigens.

• Incorporating costimulatory domains and conditional activation systems to enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimising systemic toxicit
• Evaluating avidity-based engineering and multi-targeting strategies to achieve greater tumour selectivity and reduce engagement with healthy tissues
• Assessing the practical challenges of each engineering approach including manufacturing complexity, scalability, immunogenicity risk, and preclinicalto-clinical translation